Indonesia Adaptation Strategy at Water Resources

The climate change adaptation strategy at water resources sector comprises:

1. prioritizing to meet the basic household needs especially in the water shortage areas, underdeveloped regions, and strategic areas;

2. managing the usage of deep water to meet the requirement of water supply and to accordingly improve the effort of water supply generated from surface water;

3. Building more water reservoirs as water supply, and optimizing the existing water supply through surveillance and maintenance.

4. Encouraging the participation of the private parties in the funding of water supply infrastructure construction especially in water distribution (conveyance system).

5. accelerating and complement the regulatory implementation of Law No. 7 of 2004

6. Building the capacity of the institutions involved in managing water resources in terms of communication, collaboration and coordination.

7. Increasing the participation and capacity of the community at the local level in managing water resources.

8. Collaboration between the government and the community in managing water resources.

The other risks at the water sector due to climate change are flood and drought. Nearly all Indonesian territories are prone to flood. Meanwhile, drought is increasingly occurring in Indonesia during the dry season. Therefore, knowledge on the vulnerability and risk in relation to water availability, flood and drought is the key to adaptation activity.

The development at water resources sector is aimed at managing water resources to meet the water requirement of households, urban community and industry. Indonesia implements eight (8) strategies in order to achieve the expected development.

To minimize the potential risk impact of climate change and its vulnerability toward water resources and water requirement of the community and industry, adaptation activity for water resources shall include data gathering, information system, research and capacity building, regulation and policy formulation. Several priority activities for adaptation at water resources sector are presented in the following table:

Priority Programs in the context of climate change adaptation at the water sector include :

1. Reviewing the vulnerability and risk of climate change at water sector at the regional level and strategic areas.

2. Increasing the capacity of reservoir and water infrastructure for the stability of water resources balance and water disaster prevention.

3. Increasing water availability at extremely vulnerable areas through effective technology and local water resources development.

4. Increasing water resources conservation and reducing the intensity of hazard and disaster due to climate change.

5. Reviving the local wisdoms, building capacity and participation of the community in climate change adaptation at water sector.

Indonesia Adaptation Strategy in Agricultural

The Adaptation Strategy of climate change in agricultural sector (based on the direction of agricultural development policies for Medium-Term Development Planning of 2010-2014 of the Agricultural Ministry) :

1. To increase the production of staple food crops and priority commodity basis local resources and to promote diversification of consumption, balanced distribution, and food accessibility.

2. To increase the capacity of human resources in agriculture sector (farmers, herdsmen, and government apparatus) especially in managing climate change and threat to environment.

3. To develop and rehabilitate agricultural infrastructure (irrigation, agricultural methods, extension officer, planting field management including the husbandry sector, as well as land status and ownership).

4. To optimize the usage of land and water resources as well as developing environmental friendly agricultural activities

5. To provide protection to agricultural activities and its production (subsidy, agricultural insurance, tariff, price stability)

6. To promote research activity and dissemination of research result, especially in developing and advancing agricultural technology which is adaptive toward climate change

Despite is small contribution (only 7%) out of the total national greenhouse gases; the climate change impact on agricultural sector is quite significant. The change on rainfall pattern and extreme climate (flood and drought), temperature rise, and sea level rise have all impacted the productivity of the land and plantations. Out of various agricultural commodities, food crop is the most vulnerable to climate change impact. Therefore, the climate change adaptation efforts for food crop is given the first priority compared to other commodities.

The adaptation program in agricultural sector in Indonesia is more focused on the application of technology to support adaptation, building the institutional capacity as well as enhancing the sustainability and adaptation capacity of the community. The programs are elaborated in the form of chosen activities mentioned in the following table.

Priority activities of Climate Change Adaptation in Agricultural Sector consist of :

 Adjusting the planting pattern

 Selection of superior climate-change-resistant types of seeds

 Agricultural diversification

 Use of technology in administering fertilizers, planting fields and water management

 Food crop diversification

 Developing agricultural information system

 Developing agricultural workshop and variability workgroup system

 Developing agricultural insurance system

 Supporting innovative activity in the community

 Implementing the protection instrument for group of people most vulnerable to the unanticipated impacts.

Agricultural sector also has role to play in climate change mitigation efforts by focusing on plantation and agriculture on peat land. The activities may consist of :

 Development of plantation crop, especially palm oil and rubber on greenery and grass root fields.

 Development and implementation of non-burning technology in agricultural process on peat land.

Indonesia Adaptation Strategy in Marine and Fishery

Geographically, Indonesia consists of islands and makes the country extremely vulnerable to climate change. Thousands of islands are in threat of subsidence and number of small islands have indeed sunken or are in the brink of subsidence. Moreover, socially the marine and fishery sector is dominated by fishermen and coastal community. The climate change affects the livelihood of this community in terms of fishing, for example. The unpredictable climate pattern has discouraged the fishermen to go out fishing thus resulting in declining income.

Indonesia’s Adaptation Strategy in marine and fishery sector consists of :

1. Physical adaptation at coastal areas and small islands through integrated management and environmental friendly physical engineering.

2. Residential areas management

3. Infrastructure and public facility management

4. Management of fishery resources, water resources, security and defense of the outermost islands

5. Integrated management of coastal areas, small islands and marine ecosystem

6. Developing policy, rules and institutional capacity

Indonesia has formulated five priority activities for adapting to climate change in marine and fishery sector in 2010-2030. Those activities have been chosen considering the extent of the impact which is already and is inflicting the marine and fishery sector up to the current moments. The selection of priority activities in sequence can be based on several criteria, among others are: level of effectiveness ( in responding to the potential impact of climate change), cost, feasibility, socio-cultural feasibility, competence in anticipating the existing impact, speed of implementation, as well as consistency with the policies of the central government and regional governments. These priority activities may be seen as present below.

Five Priority Activities on Climate Change Adaptation in Marine and Fishery Sector (ICCSR, 2010)

1. Formulating and or adjusting the regulations, policies, and institutional capacity of the marine and fishery sector in relation to climate change at coastal areas and small islands

2. Adjusting the elevation, strengthening building structure and essential facilities in coastal areas in relation to climate change

3. Adjusting the management of integrated sea-water fishery potential resources in relation to climate change

4. Adjusting the management of sea, estuary and fresh water fishery potential resources

5. Adjusting the management of strategic small islands in relation to climate change